Tonga Sunset
Taken by Helio C. Vital on January 6, 2024 @
Saquarema, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Details:
Two years ago, the colossal eruption of the submarine volcano in Tonga sent to the stratosphere so much water vapor (146 Mton), that the level of stratospheric water rose by 10%, in addition to a much smaller amount of sulfur dioxide (0.4 Mton). A small fraction of those aerosols is still cirnumnavigating the Southern Hemisphere, adorning our sunset skies by scattering grazing sunlight and producing prominent orange and pink crepuscular rays. Note that both colors hint at the presence of intensified red emissions from the enhanced concentration of hydrogen atoms. Included in the video are several photos taken with the camera of a cell phone on Jan. 6, 2024, roughly between 15 and 40 minutes after sunset. It gives us a pale ideia of what a volcanic sunset may be like.
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